Coronaryarteryanomaliesoverview:Thenormalandtheabnormal
摘要: Theaimofthisreviewistogiveacomprehensiveandconciseoverviewofcoronaryembryologyandnormalcoronaryanatomy,describecommonvariantsofnormalandsummarizetypicalpatternsofanomalouscoronaryarteryanatomy.Extensiveiconographysupportsthetext,withparticularattentiontoimagesobtainedinvivousingnon-invasiveimaging.Wehavedividedthisarticleintothreegroups,accordingtotheirfrequencyinthegeneralpopulation:Normal,normalvariantandanomaly.Althoughcongenitalcoronaryarteryanomaliesarerelativelyuncommon,theyarethesecondmostcommoncauseofsuddencardiacdeathamongyoungathletesandthereforewarrantdetailedreview.Basedonthefunctionalrelevanceofeachabnormality,coronaryarteryanomaliescanbeclassifiedasanomalieswithobligatoryischemia,withoutischemiaorwithexceptionalischemia.Theclinicalsymptomsmayincludechestpain,dyspnea,palpitations,syncope,cardiomyopathy,arrhythmia,myocardialinfarctionandsuddencardiacdeath.Moreover,itisimportanttoalsoidentifyvariantsandanomalieswithoutclinicalrelevanceintheirownrightascomplicationsduringsurgeryorangioplastycanoccur. ...
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